SCOLIOSIS 101: Understanding the Condition and Managing It with Physical Therapy and Pilates
Scoliosis is a complex condition that affects the spine, causing it to curve sideways, often in an “S” or “C” shape. This spinal deformity can affect individuals of all ages but is most commonly diagnosed during adolescence.
Understanding scoliosis—its types, symptoms, causes, and management options—is crucial for those living with the condition and their caregivers. This blog will provide a comprehensive overview of scoliosis and explore how physical therapy and Pilates can be effective tools in its management.
What is scoliosis?
Scoliosis is not merely a postural issue but a structural deformity of the spine. The degree of curvature varies from mild to severe, and its impact on an individual’s quality of life depends on the curvature’s progression and severity.
Types of Scoliosis
Idiopathic Scoliosis
The most common type affects about 80% of individuals with scoliosis. The cause is unknown but often arises during adolescence.
Congenital Scoliosis
Caused by spinal abnormalities present at birth. Results from improper formation or segmentation of vertebrae during fetal development.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Associated with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. It occurs due to weak muscles that cannot support the spine properly.
Degenerative Scoliosis
Typically, it occurs in adults due to aging. Results from wear and tear on the spine, leading to asymmetrical degeneration.
Functional Scoliosis
It is caused by factors outside the spine, such as leg length discrepancies or muscle imbalances. Can be corrected once the underlying issue is addressed.
Diagnosing Scoliosis
A scoliosis diagnosis often begins with a physical examination. Common tests include:
A screening tool where the patient bends forward to highlight any spinal deformities.
Provide a detailed image of the spine, allowing physicians to measure the curvature using the Cobb angle.
Used for further evaluation if other spinal abnormalities or neurological conditions are suspected.
A Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more confirms scoliosis. Curves are classified as mild, z moderate, or severe based on their angle:
Mild: 10-25 degrees
Moderate: 26-40 degrees
Severe: Over 40 degrees
Treatment Options
Scoliosis treatment depends on the type, severity, and progression of the curvature. Common approaches include:
Recommended for mild curves in growing children.
Regular monitoring ensures the curvature does not progress.
Education on exercises and movements to avoid is important to prevent further issues.
Used for moderate curves in children and adolescents.
Prevents further progression but does not reverse the curve.
Reserved for severe cases where the curvature impairs quality of life or organ function.
Physical therapy and Pilates play a significant role in managing symptoms, improving function, and enhancing quality of life.
A tailored exercise program designed to improve posture, strengthen muscles, and reduce the impact of scoliosis.
Braces for Scoliosis
Who needs it?
Recommended for children and teens with a spinal curve greater than 25 degrees, especially while still growing.
Purpose
The goal is to prevent the curve from getting worse as the person grows.
Fitting and monitoring
A specialist, called an orthotist, custom-fits the brace. The fit is checked every 4–6 months.
How long to wear
Braces are most effective when worn for 16–23 hours a day. Some braces are worn only at night, but these aren’t suitable for all types of curves.
Treatment duration
Treatment typically continues until the child stops growing, which may take several years.
Physical therapy
PT can help improve muscle strength, posture, and flexibility, making brace wear easier and more effective.
Brace tracking
Some braces have built-in monitors to track usage, helping doctors make adjustments to the treatment plan.
Physical Therapy for Scoliosis
Physical therapy is an integral component of scoliosis management, focusing on strength, flexibility, and postural alignment. Tailored to each individual’s condition, physical therapy programs can alleviate pain, improve mobility, and prevent curve progression.
Key Goals of Physical Therapy
Strengthen the muscles supporting the spine
Improve posture and balance
Enhance flexibility and reduce stiffness
Relieve pain through targeted exercises
Techniques Used in Physical Therapy
KLAPP Exercises
Klapp exercises are therapeutic movements in a quadruped position aimed at improving spinal flexibility, strengthening muscles, and promoting posture correction in scoliosis management.
Stretching and Mobility Exercises
Focus on improving flexibility in tight areas, such as the hamstrings and hip flexors.
Core Strengthening
Exercises targeting the core muscles, including the abdominals and lower back. Provides better spinal support and stability.
Manual Therapy
Includes massage and joint mobilization to reduce muscle tension and improve spinal alignment.
Neuromuscular Re-education
Exercises that teach the body to maintain proper posture and alignment during daily activities.
Get to know more about physical therapy.
How Pilates Helps Manage Scoliosis
Pilates is a low-impact exercise regimen that emphasizes core strength, flexibility, and overall body awareness. It is increasingly recognized as an effective non-surgical option for scoliosis management. Pilates programs are often customized to address the unique needs of individuals with spinal curvature.
Benefits of Pilates for Scoliosis
Core Stability
Strengthens the deep muscles that support the spine, improving alignment and reducing strain.
Improved Posture
Encourages mindful movement and proper alignment, helping individuals maintain better posture throughout the day.
Enhanced Flexibility
Reduces stiffness in areas affected by scoliosis, such as the lower back and shoulders.
Pain Reduction
Gentle, controlled movements alleviate tension and discomfort.
Breathing Techniques
Focused breathing exercises promote ribcage expansion and improve lung function, particularly beneficial for thoracic scoliosis.
Key Pilates Exercises for Scoliosis
Side Plank
Strengthens the oblique muscles and stabilizes the spine.
Cat-Cow Stretch
Improves spinal mobility and reduces stiffness.
Bridging
Activates the glutes and core while gently aligning the spine.
Leg Stretch Series
Enhances flexibility and balance in the lower body.
Pelvic Tilts
Promotes spinal mobility and strengthens the lower back.
Find out more about Pilates basics.
Why work with a Certified Instructor?
Scoliosis-specific Pilates requires precise techniques and modifications to avoid exacerbating the curvature. Working with a certified Pilates instructor ensures exercises are performed safely and effectively.
Creating a Combined Approach
Combining physical therapy and Pilates offers a holistic approach to scoliosis management. While physical therapy focuses on medical and rehabilitative techniques, Pilates complements it by enhancing strength, flexibility, and mind-body awareness.
Both physical therapists and Pilates instructors assess the curvature’s specifics, including its type, severity, and symptoms.
Establish realistic, individualized goals such as improving posture, reducing pain, and enhancing mobility.
Physical therapy sessions focus on targeted corrections, while Pilates sessions emphasize maintaining those corrections through mindful movement.
Regular practice is essential for long-term benefits. Combining weekly sessions with daily home exercises ensures sustained progress.
Scoliosis may be a lifelong condition, but it does not have to define an individual’s life. With a comprehensive understanding of the condition and a proactive approach that includes physical therapy and Pilates, individuals can manage their symptoms effectively and maintain a high quality of life.
Whether you are newly diagnosed or seeking alternative ways to manage scoliosis, consider consulting healthcare professionals and certified Pilates instructors to develop a plan tailored to your needs. Remember, the journey to better spinal health begins with a single step.
Get in touch with us today!
Halcyon Fitness specializes in customized Pilates and physical therapy programs designed to support spinal health and improve overall well-being.
Contact us today to explore how we can help you achieve your fitness and health goals:
0917 656 2363 (Globe) or 0919 436 3582 (Smart)
G/F & 3/F Maria Cornelia Bldg., 222 Senator Gil Puyat Avenue Makati City, Philippines